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From A to Z: A Dictionary of the Leaving Year 2025

A

Andrew

As of 2025, he is not a prince, but simply Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, a private citizen. The King stripped him of all titles, royal residence and other privileges for his erotic escapades during his years of friendship with scandalous pimp and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.

Other prominent Britons have also been burned for their association with Epstein this year. For example, political heavyweight Peter Mandelson was fired from his post as British ambassador to the United States. And back in 2025, evidence of Epstein’s ties to Richard Branson, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump, and Ilon Musk began to surface. The spirit of pedophile Epstein, who committed suicide in prison back in 2019, even years later continues to retroactively poison the lives of many powerful people. We are likely to hear his name more than once next year in connection with new sensational scandals, revelations and resignations.

Asylum seekers

Asylum seekers in 2025 remained one of the most discussed and controversial topics in society.

According to government figures, 111,084 asylum claims were made in the UK between June 2024 and June 2025, up 14% from a year earlier. Around half of these applicants arrived via illegal routes, including crossing the Channel by boat. The Labor government announced sweeping reforms to the asylum system in 2025, including a shift from permanent to temporary refugee status – asylum will no longer be granted permanently, but only for as long as it is dangerous to return to the country from which the refugee came. It will become much more difficult to obtain a permanent residence permit – instead of 5 years in the country it will be necessary to live for 20 years. However, the latter measure will apply to everyone, not just asylum seekers.

Adolescence

Emmy Award-winning Best British TV series of 2025. This is Stephen Graham’s dark drama about family relationships and teenage cruelty, which made the whole of Britain think about why children resort to violence and adults can do nothing about it.

B

Birmingham bin strike

For the letter B, the main event of the year is the garbage strike in Birmingham. It started in March 2025 and has turned from a local labor conflict into a symbol of a systemic crisis of city management. Birmingham City Council binmen protesting against their employer’s decision to change staffing levels, which they expect will lead to a reduction in their salaries. According to the workers, this means a loss of up to £8,000 a year (for some of them). City officials insist that the scale of the problem is exaggerated and that the workers have been offered alternatives, but no compromise has been reached. Meanwhile, the effects of the strike have become tangible: the streets have been littered with waste for months, authorities have declared an emergency, and residents have complained of rats and unsanitary conditions. The strike will continue into 2026.

Bulgarian spies

Six Bulgarian citizens living in Britain have been convicted this year of spying for Russia for terms ranging from 5 to 10 years. The media reported that they had collected information on journalists and political figures for the Russian intelligence services.

C

Chagos

An archipelago in the Indian Ocean, which the UK did hand over to Mauritius this year. Now it will pay this state about 100 million pounds a year to rent its own military base located on these islands.

The transfer of Chagos is sometimes called the final nail in the coffin of the British Empire, which once owned a quarter of the globe. But this is an exaggeration: Britain still has other overseas territories: the Falklands, Gibraltar and a handful of islands in the Caribbean.

Cyber attacks

In terms of cyberattacks, 2025 was a particularly bad year for retailers. Several major UK companies were hit, disrupting in-store and online services. Marks & Spencer and Co-operative Group were hit hardest – the latter even temporarily shut down some of its IT infrastructure to contain the attack. Harrods department store, LNER and many other companies were also hit. The attacks were accompanied by service disruptions and, according to experts, caused significant financial and reputational damage, as well as the theft of customers’ personal data.

Ethel Caterham

A British woman from Sarrey County named Ethel Keterem became the world’s longest-living person in 2025, surpassing the previous record holder, Brazilian Inah Canabarro Lucas. On August 21, Mrs. Ketheram turned 116 years old.

D

Digital ID

In 2025, the British government under the leadership of Keir Starmer has proposed the introduction of digital identity cards (Digital ID). The aim is to enable British residents to quickly confirm their right to work and access public services, and for the authorities to more effectively combat illegal migration and other violations of the law. Everyone was told from the start that participation in the scheme would be purely voluntary, but that didn’t stop critics from calling it a “digital leash.” Many people opposed the innovation – by the end of December, a petition against the introduction of digital IDs posted on the gov.uk website had gained almost 3 million signatures.

Tim Davie

Also on D this year is Tim Davie, who voluntarily stepped down as Director General of the BBC after the facts of the unfair work of the authors of the program Panorama came to light. The case concerned an issue about Donald Trump, whose recordings of his speeches were edited in such a way that the public got the impression that he was calling on Americans to storm the White House in 2021, when in fact he had not.

Along with Davy, Deborah Turness, head of news services, resigned. And Trump sued the BBC, claiming $5 billion (more than half the annual budget of the entire British Broadcasting Corporation). We will find out how this story ends next year.

E

Erasmus

In December 2025, the UK and the European Union agreed to return the country to the Erasmus student exchange program. UK participation will resume from the 2027-2028 academic year, allowing UK students, interns and teachers to study, intern and work in EU countries again. The UK withdrew from the program in 2020. Universities and student associations have generally welcomed the return of Erasmus. Critics, however, are concerned about whether the national Turing program, which funded overseas travel for British students after Brexit, will suffer because of this return.

End of Life Bill

This bill proposes to allow assisted dying for terminally ill adults with a life expectancy of up to six months. The House of Commons approved it in 2025 and sent it to the House of Lords, where it is now undergoing clause-by-clause consideration. The Lords, for their part, are dragging their feet on passing it – they’ve tabled over a thousand amendments to it. The problem is that if it is not approved by the spring, then the consideration will have to start all over again – from the House of Commons.

Elections Bill

The main goal of this bill, which the parliament has been working on for the past year, is to lower the age threshold for participation in elections from 18 to 16. Labor believes it is necessary to involve young people in politics from an earlier age.

A similar practice is already in place in Scotland and Wales, where 16- and 17-year-olds can vote in local and regional elections. The government considers this experience a success and wants to extend it to the whole country and to parliamentary elections.

The supposed innovation is controversial. Supporters talk about expanding democracy and that teenagers should develop the habit of going to the polls. Critics question the political maturity of teenagers and fear their choices will be too easily influenced. The House of Commons has yet to approve the bill.

F

Tuition Fees

In the past year, Britain raised the maximum tuition fee for higher education for the first time in eight years. For British students it rose from £9,250 to £9,535 a year. But that’s not all: in the future, the authorities plan to annually index the ceiling of tuition fees in line with inflation. However, only for those universities that meet the new requirements for the quality of education and student success.

Soldier F

This is the assumed name of a British serviceman, his real name has not been released. He took part in the events of Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland on January 30, 1972, and was accused of shooting unarmed people.
On that day, soldiers opened fire on peaceful marchers against internment without trial, killing 13 unarmed civilians. Soldier F tried to be charged with the murders of James Ray and William McKinney, as well as the attempted murder of several others. The soldier himself claimed that he had only fired at armed men, but this was rejected by the inquiry report.

An initial investigation back in the 1970s exonerated the Army, but the families of the victims later succeeded in getting the Army to admit that the soldiers had fired first and for no good reason. In 2025 – more than 50 years after the tragic events of January 1972 – the criminal case against Soldier F went to trial. But it turned out that the evidence of the soldier’s guilt was insufficient for a conviction, and the judge acquitted Soldier F.

G

Grooming gangs inquiry

In 2025, the UK took an important step towards a national inquiry into so-called grooming gangs – organized groups that sexually exploited children across the country. After years of pressure from victims and human rights activists, the government accepted the findings of an independent audit that revealed serious failings in police, local authorities and social services.

By the end of the year, authorities officially launched an independent investigation – with the power to demand documents and call witnesses. It will not only investigate the crimes of the groups, but will also analyze the systemic errors that allowed the violence to last for years. Among other things, it is likely to answer the question of how much the authorities’ work was hampered by “inconvenient” ethnic and cultural issues (some of the groups involved in the crimes were predominantly Pakistani, and many believe law enforcement may have failed to act for fear of being accused of racism).

H

Homebase

The last Homebase DIY stores, once founded by Sainsbury’s, closed in March 2025. Its competitors Wickes and B&Q have opened in hangars owned by the chain.

I

India free trade deal

In 2025, the UK and India entered into the Free Trade Agreement (FTA), one of the UK’s most significant post-Brexit trade agreements, which is expected to help boost the country’s GDP by billions of pounds in the coming years.

The agreement includes substantial tariff reductions and increased market access. India has agreed to phase out duties on key British goods – such as whisky, automobiles and a range of industrial and food products – while the UK has pledged to eliminate tariffs on the vast majority of Indian goods, particularly benefiting the textile, pharmaceutical and engineering sectors. In addition to trade in goods, the agreement also facilitates trade in services (including professional and financial services). Certain categories of highly skilled professionals will find it easier to come to work in the UK.

Interest rates

In the past year, the Bank of England’s key interest rate has been reduced several times, and a lot of things depend on it: mortgage payments, credit availability, return on contributions (and indirectly it affects the prices of all goods and services in the country). It was 4.75% in December 2024 and has been gradually falling throughout 2025 and is currently at 3.75%. This has made life much easier for people paying floating rate mortgages and stimulated economic activity in the country.

ILR

It is possible that migrants in Britain will have to wait as long as twenty years to obtain ILR (Indefinite Leave to Remain). Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood announced the government’s plans to increase the period during which migrants who arrived in the UK legally must wait for permanent residence documents in 2025. This has frightened many residents of the country, especially recent arrivals. The new rules, if passed, would affect 2.6 million people.

J

JPMorgan

Financial giant JPMorgan has announced it will build a new skyscraper in Canary Wharf in 2025 – on the west side of Isle of Dogs, right on the banks of the Thames, near Westferry Circus. It will be one of the largest office buildings not only in London, but in the whole of Europe, and in terms of height the new tower will be the second in the area after One Canada Square.

K

Hadush Kebatu

In a high-profile scandal at HMP Chelmsford prison in Essex, an Ethiopian national named Hadouche Kebatu was wrongly released after being convicted of sexual assault on a minor and given a 12-month prison sentence. In October 2025, Kebatu was due to be transferred from HMP Chelmsford prison to an immigration detention facility for deportation, but due to slackness on the part of prison staff, he was simply released and left by train for London and stayed there for about two days before police apprehended him.

The whole of Britain laughed at the story, but the truth is that this is not an isolated case. It turned out that the mistaken release of prisoners is a systemic problem in the whole correctional system: in the same year 2025, for example, four prisoners were mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth in London.

L

Lucy Letby

In early 2025, there was an apparent change of tone in media coverage of the case of nurse Lucy Letby, sentenced in 2023 to life imprisonment for killing babies at the hospital where she worked.

An international commission consisting of experienced doctors studied the case materials and concluded that there was no indisputable evidence of her guilt in the medical documents. According to their version, the deaths of the seven infants could be attributed to natural causes and poor organization of care in the ward. These findings were the basis for an appeal to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC). This was the first time that doubts were raised at a serious level: what if the verdict was wrong?

Marina Lewycka

This November, Marina Levitskaya, a British writer with Ukrainian roots who in 2005 wrote the famous humorous book A Brief History of Tractors in Ukrainian, passed away. In it, an elderly British man falls in love with a young migrant woman from Ukraine, whom Levitskaya portrayed as a womanizer and an unscrupulous and promiscuous golddigger. The book damaged the reputation of Eastern European women but won various literary prizes and became a bestseller in Britain and elsewhere in Europe.

M

Manchester synagogue attack

On October 2, there was an attack on a synagogue in Manchester that left two people dead, three others injured, and a suspect shot dead by police. Prime Minister Keir Starmer condemned the Yom Kippur attack and cut short an early trip to Denmark to chair a COBRA committee meeting in London.

The attack on a synagogue in Manchester in 2025 was carried out by Jihad al-Shamie, a 35-year-old British man of Syrian descent. He drove a car into people near Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation and then attacked them with a knife; the attack took place on October 2, 2025 on Yom Kippur, a major Jewish holiday. The police treated the incident as a terrorist attack and the attacker was shot dead on the spot.

Monzo Bank

A major financial scandal of the past year: Monzo Bank was fined £21 million by the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority after it was discovered that it allowed its customers to register fictitious addresses, such as 10 Downing Street and Buckingham Palace. It turned out that the popular bank had not checked its customers’ addresses at all.

Blaise Metreweli

Blaise Metreveli, a British woman with Russian and Georgian roots, became the 18th head of MI6 in 2025, succeeding Sir Richard Moore. She is the first woman to lead the service in its 116-year history.

N

Net migration

The Office for National Statistics calculated that net migration in the 12 months from June 2024 to June 2025 fell by two-thirds compared to the same period 2023-2024. The figure was 204,000 compared to 649,000 a year earlier, with the decline mainly due to fewer people coming to study or work. Only the number of refugees continued to grow. Who would have thought even ten years ago that Britain would one day cease to be a country attractive to students and migrant workers?

NICs

National Insurance contributions (NICs) have increased in the UK since April 6. Whereas previous cabinets reduced the rate for employees, the current government had to do the opposite, but only for employers – from 13.8% to 15%. The tax-free threshold has also been lowered, from £9,100 to £5,000 a year.

This was done to compensate for falling budget revenues and stabilize public finances. The result was that it became more expensive for companies to hire staff, but the net income of employees did not decrease.

Authorities have attributed the increase to the need to fund the NHS, social spending and pensions, emphasizing that the burden is deliberately being shifted from individuals to businesses. Critics pointed out that the increase in NICs for employers could stifle wage growth and recruitment of new employees, especially in small businesses.

New Trafford

Manchester United Football Club has announced plans to build the UK’s largest soccer stadium – on the site of the current Old Trafford stadium. The cost of the project will be £2 billion, and the capacity of the new stadium will be 100,000 spectators.

O

Ozzy Osbourne

On July 22, Ozzy Osbourne, frontman of Black Sabbath and one of the most important figures of world rock music, died at the age of 76. His death came as a shock to fans around the world: Osbourne was not just a musician, but a symbol of an entire era. Even in his final years, despite severe health problems, he continued to perform – his last concert took place only 17 days before his death.

Oasis

The band Oasis began their five-month world tour in Cardiff in July 2025 and finished in Brazil’s Sao Paulo in November. These were the band’s first live concerts in 16 years.

The intrigue of the Oasis reunion tour was that almost no one believed until the end that it would take place at all. The band has a reputation for constantly breaking up due to internal conflicts, and the relationship between the Gallagher brothers has been so strained for years that fans and journalists seriously expected the tour to be canceled at any moment.

Online Safety Act

In the UK, the Online Safety Act came into force this year, requiring online platforms, social networks and search services to more actively protect users from illegal and harmful content, including extremist messages and child sexual abuse. They are also required to better protect users from fraud and harassment. Companies now bear direct legal responsibility for how their algorithms work and how quickly they react to dangerous content, and violations are subject to large fines of up to 10% of global turnover.

The law is overseen by Ofcom, which will now be able to inspect companies and block services. The authorities claim that the aim of the law is to make the Internet “safe by default”, especially for children and teenagers. Critics, however, fear that the Online Safety Act could lead to excessive censorship, pressure on free speech and increased control over digital platforms, making Britain one of the most regulated online markets in the world.

Fun fact: after the law came into force, popular porn sites were forced to introduce real age verification for their users (instead of checking the “I am 18 years old” box) – and immediately lost a huge share of traffic. Thus, Pornhub reported a 77% drop in the number of users. By contrast, VPN apps that allow you to bypass the rules became the most downloaded apps in Britain.

P

PIP (Personal Independence Payment)

A strange story has been happening in Britain for a few years with mental illness: the number of people with mental illness has risen. And at the same time the number of people receiving PIP (Personal Independence Payment), which is often prescribed for people suffering from a mental disorder, has also increased significantly. Young Britons aged 16 to 34 were particularly active in applying for it.

In 2025, the media and analysts started talking about it. However, no one can really explain what is going on. Either people have figured out how to “hack” the system and get a few hundred pounds a month in addition to benefits or salary by lying to the local doctor about depression. Or whether life in Britain has really become too hard, especially for young people. There are arguments in favor of both versions.

The piquancy of the situation is that this phenomenon is not observed in other countries, and it is rather difficult to explain this phenomenon by the consequences of covid, war or any other world cataclysms.

And another interesting context: the Office for National Statistics in the outgoing year calculated that by 2025, Britain will see a record increase in the number of Britons aged 16 to 24 who are neither working nor studying anywhere.

Palestine Action

This is the name given to a British protest group that draws public attention to the war in Gaza and opposes British cooperation with the Israeli defense industry. The activists have become famous for their radical but mostly non-violent actions: infiltrating defense company factories, blocking facilities and damaging property. In 2025, the group’s activities became one of the most visible forms of pro-Palestinian protest in the country.

This summer, the government of Keir Starmer officially included the group in the list of banned organizations – on the anti-terrorist “line”, explaining the ban by the fact that the actions of activists allegedly threatened national security and critical infrastructure. Critics called the move unprecedented: previously, Britain had not equated protest movements with terrorist organizations.

The ban sparked a wave of protests across the country. Demonstrations in support of Palestine Action took place in London and other cities, where participants claimed that the state was using anti-terrorism laws to suppress political dissent and solidarity with Palestine.

These protests were the subject of one of Banksy’s 2025 works, which depicted a judge in a wig hitting an anti-war rally participant with a baton.

Martin Parr

Martin Parr, the legendary British documentary photographer and one of the most recognizable authors of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, passed away this year. He became famous for his vivid, deliberately “screaming” color photographs of everyday life: recreation at British resorts, consumption, mass tourism, food, fashion and everyday rituals of the middle class. His style is often described as ironic, satirical and even ruthless – Parr was able to find the absurd and grotesque in the most mundane scenes.

Q

Quishing

Quishing is not a new, but in 2025 it has become a popular method of fraud: stickers with incorrect QR codes on parking and other payment machines. A person wants to pay for parking, sees a QR code, scans it, opens a website that looks like a real one and pays 4 pounds – but not to the municipality, but to fraudsters. And he also reveals his card details to them.

R

Reform UK

Nigel Farage’s party in 2025 announced that it had overtaken Labor to become the largest party in the country. It also performed well in the municipal elections this year, winning 10 constituencies and significantly consolidating its position at the local level. Against the backdrop of Johnson, Sunak and Truss-era Conservatives who have lost credibility and Sturmer’s indecisive and untalented Labor, Farage does look like a good option for many voters, especially when you consider that the world as a whole is going through a phase of fatigue with liberal values and is ready to vote for the devil if he adopts anti-immigrant rhetoric.

Angela Rayner

In August 2025, a political scandal erupted – after it emerged that Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner had underpaid £40,000 of stamp duty when buying an £800,000 apartment in Hove in May that year. It involved complex property schemes and contradictory statements about Rayner’s main residence submitted to different public bodies.

Under media pressure, Rayner admitted the mistake, and went to the Prime Minister’s independent adviser on ministerial standards herself. After the ethics adviser concluded that she had not met the “highest standards of appropriate behavior,” Rayner resigned from all her posts in September.

S

Scunthorpe Steelworks

UK authorities saved a critical industry this year by preventing the shutdown of British Steel’s Scunthorpe steelworks. Parliament specifically met to pass the British Steel Act, an emergency powers bill that allows the government to directly protect production, jobs and strategically important supply chains. This comes after the owners of the plant, China’s Jingye Group, announced their intention to immediately shut down the plant’s blast furnaces.

The new measures give the authorities the right to manage key company decisions, ensure salaries are paid and raw materials are supplied to keep domestic steel production essential for national security, infrastructure and housing.

Tom Stoppard

Tom Stoppard, one of the most famous British playwrights of the second half of the 20th and early 21st century, famous for his intellectual, witty and philosophically rich plays, died in 2025. He is widely known for his play “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead” (1966), in which he reinterpreted Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” from the point of view of minor characters, combining absurdity, existential philosophy and virtuoso play with words.

Stoppard was known not only as a playwright but also as a screenwriter: he wrote screenplays for films, including Shakespeare in Love (for which he won an Oscar), was active in political and human rights debates (including supporting the Belarusian Free Theater), and addressed themes of history, freedom, and personal responsibility.

T

Too little too late

Это фраза, гулявшая по газетным полосам в этом году, — максимально краткое содержание второго отчета о последствиях пандемии Covid-19 в Великобритании и действиях властей, опубликованного в ноябре.

Отчет показал, что власти Великобритании слишком поздно и нерешительно отреагировали на пандемию. В начале 2020 года правительство и ученые недооценили опасность вируса, полагая, что страна справится своими силами и что ограничения можно отложить ради так называемого коллективного иммунитета. Если бы меры вроде социальной дистанции и самоизоляции при симптомах ввели раньше, жесткий локдаун, введенный позднее, мог бы и не понадобиться. Но решения затянули, а сам локдаун ввели на неделю позже нужного срока — и это, по оценке, привело примерно к 23 тысячам избыточных смертей в первую волну.

Осенью 2020 года ошибки повторились: власти снова медлили, премьер колебался с ужесточением мер, и второй локдаун ввели уже тогда, когда ситуация вышла из-под контроля. Дополнительный ущерб нанесли скандалы с нарушением правил самими политиками — это подорвало доверие людей и снизило готовность соблюдать ограничения. Внутри правительства царила хаотичная и токсичная атмосфера, а между различными государственными органами страны не была налажена координация. 

При этом в отчете признавалось, что вакцинация была организована очень успешно и стала переломным моментом для страны. Также в нем подчеркивалось, что локдауны имели смысл и спасли человеческие жизни, хоть и повлекли последствия: пострадали дети, которые не ходили в школу, откладывалось лечение других болезней, усилилось социальное неравенство. Авторы отчета пришли к выводу, что многие смерти можно было предотвратить при более решительном и быстром руководстве, и призывают изменить систему принятия решений, чтобы подобная трагедия больше не повторилась.

U

U-Turns

U-turns — это слово, означающее «разворот на 180 градусов», неоднократно звучало в устах политиков и журналистов в 2025 году применительно к действиям правительства лейбористов, которые несколько раз радикально меняли свои собственные планы — буквально «переобувались в воздухе». Ключевые развороты лейбористов были такие:

  • Налог на наследование для семейных ферм.
    Лейбористы изначально задумали сократить налоговые льготы на наследование сельскохозяйственной земли, аргументируя это справедливостью и необходимостью пополнения бюджета. Решение вызвало масштабные протесты фермеров и сильное давление со стороны сельских депутатов. В итоге правительство пошло на попятную, повысив необлагаемый налогом порог и тем самым значительно смягчив последствия реформы.
  • Реформа системы социального обеспечения.
    Правительство обещало «жесткую, но справедливую» реформу: ужесточение критериев получения пособий, расширение обязательств по поиску работы, пересмотр статуса нетрудоспособности и заметную экономию бюджетных средств. Однако в ходе парламентских дебатов и под давлением общественных организаций и собственных депутатов ключевые меры были ослаблены. Критерии признания трудоспособности смягчили, санкции за отказ от работы ограничили, а переоценку пособий по инвалидности отложили. В результате большая часть ожидаемых планов так и не была реализована.
  • Зимнее пособие на отопление для пенсионеров.
    Попытка сэкономить бюджетные деньги путем более избирательного адресного распределения Winter Fuel Allowance вызвала резкую негативную реакцию общественности и СМИ. Столкнувшись с риском серьезного политического ущерба, правительство отказалось от первоначального плана и вернуло выплаты большинству пенсионеров, фактически признав ошибку в оценке общественных настроений.

V

VAT

В 2025 году одной из самых спорных тем в британской политике стала проблема введения НДС (VAT) на обучение в частных школах. Правительство лейбористов реализовало предвыборное обещание отменить освобождение частных школ от VAT, объявив его необоснованной налоговой льготой для обеспеченных семей. Их логика была простой: частное образование — это платная услуга, и она должна облагаться налогом так же, как большинство других услуг в экономике. Полученные средства планировалось направить на финансирование государственных школ.

Проблема заключалась в последствиях этого решения. Частные школы почти сразу переложили VAT на родителей, что привело к резкому росту стоимости обучения. Критики предупреждали, что это вынудит часть семей перевести детей в государственные школы, усилив нагрузку на и без того перегруженную систему. Кроме того, пострадали не только элитные школы, но и небольшие независимые учебные заведения, включая религиозные и специальные школы, работающие с минимальной прибылью. 

W

Woman

В 2025 году женщины, как и положено, продолжали отстаивать свои права — спокойно и упорно. Но именно в этом году история сделала интересный сюжетный поворот: борьба за равноправие внезапно превратилась еще и в борьбу за собственные границы и за сохранность самого понятия «женщина».

Так, в апреле этого года Верховный суд Британии постановил, что легально женщиной может считаться только биологическая женщина, и никакие мужчины, считающие себя женщинами, по закону ими не являются. При этом суд отдельно подчеркнул, что трансгендерные люди по-прежнему защищены от дискриминации и притеснений.

Дальше сработал эффект домино. Британская транспортная полиция объявила, что досмотр задержанных будет проводиться по биологическому полу — мужчин-нарушителей будут досматривать мужчины-полицейские. Футбольная Ассоциация решила, что с 1 июня женский футбол все-таки будет женским. Women’s Institute решил больше не предлагать членство трансженщинам. И даже Лейбористская партия, уж на что нерешительная, и то объявила, что к участию в ее Женской конференции трансженщины допускаться не будут. И так далее. Похоже, что нудные фейсбучные споры о том, кто может ходить в женские туалеты и участвовать в женских спортивных соревнованиях, останутся в уходящем году. По крайней мере, в Британии.

X

XMAS

Всегда трудно найти слово года на X — их в английском языке в принципе не так много. Но в этом году нам повезло: песня XMAS в исполнении Кайли Миноуг обогнала Last Christmas группы Wham! в британском рождественском чарте и стала праздничным хитом номер один. С чем мы поклонников Миноуг горячо поздравляем (равно как и фанатов буквы Х).

Y

Your Party

В 2025 году в британской политике громко заявила о себе Your Party — новый левый проект, созданный бывшими лейбористами во главе с Джереми Корбином и Зарой Султана. Партия задумывалась как радикальная альтернатива «умеренному» курсу лейбористского правительства Стармера и обещала возвращение к жесткой социалистической повестке. Зазвучали знакомые слова: национализация, повышение налогов для состоятельных граждан и расширение роли государства во всех областях. Однако почти сразу после запуска внимание общественности сместилось с программных идей на организационный хаос внутри нового движения.

Ключевой скандал развернулся вокруг вопросов внутреннего управления и финансов. Между ведущими фигурами партии вспыхнул конфликт из-за контроля над пожертвованиями, базами данных сторонников и процедуры регистрации членов. В публичное пространство утекли сведения о сотнях тысяч фунтов, непонятно кем контролируемых, а руководство Your Party даже угрожало судебными исками собственным сооснователям, обвиняя их в самоуправстве. В итоге вместо того, чтобы стать образцом демократического движения «снизу», Your Party погрязла в закулисных разборках и внутренней борьбе за влияние.

Z

Zhenhao Zou

В 2025 году был вынесен приговор Чжэньхао Цзоу — гражданину Китая и бывшему учащемуся UCL, чье дело стало одним из самых громких уголовных процессов в современной Британии. Суд признал его виновным по ряду тяжелых обвинений, связанных с сексуальным насилием над женщинами, и назначил длительный срок лишения свободы. В приговоре подчеркивалось, что действия Цзоу носили серийный и преднамеренный характер.

Следствие установило, что Zhenhao Zou систематически знакомился с женщинами — в том числе в университете и социальных сетях, — после чего приглашал выпить, подмешивал наркотические вещества в напитки и совершал насилие. Важную роль в деле сыграли цифровые доказательства: видеозаписи, фотографии и переписка, обнаруженные на его устройствах, а также показания нескольких пострадавших, часть из которых долгое время не могла восстановить события произошедшего. Дело вызвало широкий общественный резонанс и острую дискуссию о безопасности в университетах и ответственности образовательных учреждений.

Илья Гончаров

Житель города Лондона, гуманитарий умственного труда, выпускник журфака МГУ, выпускающий редактор ZIMA и вообще доволен жизнью

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